January 29, 2006
Opinionist: Being Truthful With Washington’s Façades
DCist is excited to welcome back our founding editor, Michael Grass, who comes to us this Sunday with a special Opinionist.
One of the most frustrating things about living in Washington, D.C., for me is walking along Eye Street up and around the corner from the International Monetary Fund. Between 20th and 21st streets NW sits Kinkead’s, one of the city’s long-standing respected restaurants. Kinkead’s sits in the house where my late grandfather and my great uncle grew up in the early 20th century.
Let me rephrase: Kinkead’s shares the same façade as my family’s old house … because only the exterior remains. The Eye Street address became 2000 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, home to the Shops at 2000 Penn, “where,” apparently, “the neighborhood shops,” according to its quirky Flash animation marketing promo — complete with someone shopping while eating an ice cream cone, a woman walking her dog and a baseball-cap wearing kid strolling down the sidewalk dribbling a basketball backwards while he’s talking on a cell phone … just before Grandpa Grass’ house drops down from the sky.
Yes, I’m of course grateful that when 2000 Penn was built, the Eye Street façades of the old homes were preserved. It’s a reminder that members of my family — German immigrants who arrived in the District during the Civil War — grew up down the street from Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson in an area that today is a hive of global economic policymakers, lobbying, trade and other national and international interests.
But yet, I’m sad, I’m frustrated.
To me, my family’s old house is a classic example of what Washington does so well with its buildings: rip out the old guts, but keep the face. We live in a façade-obsessed city where many, but not all, of our neighbors do indeed like the idea of history, as long as they can look at it from the sidewalk and don’t have to co-exist with it.
You can see this practice everywhere around town. From the Spanish and Mexican diplomatic complexes on Pennsylvania Avenue NW, to office building rehabs downtown or the countless row houses in Shaw, Columbia Heights and elsewhere whose interiors have been so skillfully toyed with by residential developers that they put the multi-talented plastic surgeons of the greater Miami area to shame.
But like a cheap chin implant, interior rehabs using drywall and particle board as gutted replacements for aging-but-solid construction do not grow old gracefully. But, as the reasoning goes, that doesn’t matter. Why build 100 or 200 years out when you can simply eviscerate and remodel again in 25 years. Why build for the future when you’re going to cash out in the short term or can easily patch things up Phyllis Diller-style in the long term? (And in some circumstances, keeping a façade can also win you huge tax breaks, as Joe Stephens of the Post skillfully reported in December 2004.)
Indeed, not everything old can and should be saved. Cities do change and must evolve to support their future. In order to make an aging office building financially successful and competitive, that building must often be gutted to incorporate the maximum amount of modern amenities. Downtown Washington’s renaissance of the past decade — from Gallery Place to Penn Quarter to 14th Street to McPherson Square — has been built upon on this practice.
But as Christina Larson wrote in the December issue of The Washington Monthly, there is a price our city is paying: The number of historic interiors in downtown Washington is slowly dwindling.
Two decades ago, there remained a handful of unrenovated historic buildings in downtown Washington. With their fanciful façades, columned entrances, crackling radiators, and below-market rents, these edifices became refuges for Washingtonians who came to do good, even if they don't always do well. One by one, each has undergone a make-over: the Southern Building in 1987; the Evening Star Building in 1990; the Investment Building in 1997; the Bowen Building in 2005.
While this is often just an economic inevitability, other times, it’s simply done just to generate a greater profit for the commercial developer who’ll then advertise the rebuilt building as historic. But buildings are not historic when the history has been scooped out, removed and discarded.
In the current battle to save Dupont Circle’s landmark Heurich House museum (where my great-great grandfather, August Grass, carved the amazing interior woodworking) there is one important thing to keep in mind: This is not a battle to save the so-called Brewmaster’s Castle from the wrecking ball (it is on the National Register of Historic Places). It is a battle to keep its historic interior — its furnishings and ornate decorative elements — from being auctioned off, removed and closed off to the public. It’s an extraordinary interior environment that has been meticulously maintained for the past 110-plus years. But there is a serious threat facing the building unless $250,000 is raised by Feb. 15. If we lose that battle, it will be a great, great loss.
As neighborhood after neighborhood, building after building gets renovated and sees renewed life and investment, we should recognize the true definition of “historic.” We indeed live in a city that’s filled with history, but as a city, we should be truthful with what is actually historic and what is just a façade. Let’s not become too comfortable with the empty shells of architectural mediocrity.
Images courtesy of Mike Grass and furcafe.
Michael Grass, who co-founded DCist in summer 2004, is the Local editor of The Washington Post’s Express. He keeps a personal blog at The Washington Oculus.





I hear you on interiors not really living up to the historic nature of the facade/home. But I own a couple of pre-1900 rowhomes, and let me tell you, being a landlord for those homes as-is (i.e. pre-rehabbed) is no easy thing.
Tenants want air-conditioning (duct work wasn't around when great grand-dad was born), they want fail-safe electricity and plumbing (no leaks from ancient pipes; no deaths from pre-1950s wiring), they want brickwork inside the house, but not where they sleep (i.e. only near the living room, staircases, etc.). I can go on, but suffice to say that historic homes interiors are gutted, then rehabbed because the majority of people I know (and I've had over 50 tenants over the years) want to live in 2005 but have a buildling that looks like 1880 only on certain floors or on the facade.
I would love to hear what you would have done if you were a landlord/building owner. Sadly, reality doesn't comply with a lot of historic buffs sensitivities. I would love to keep things as is, but money talks and I'd rather produce income than have rotted historic interiors that nobody wants to live in.
Then again, I have mortgages to pay, so what do I know?
No doubt. Homeowners are in a tough spot when they're dealing with older homes and the need to make them livable. Same thing for aging commercial structures. Let's just be honest and call them what they are: facades.
I'd say even if it is just a facade, DC does more to honor history than most other us cities. All of the other cities I have lived in would just bring the wrecking ball and that's that. It may not be ideal but at least there is some effort made here to remeber history.
Yes, good point. Washington has many more architectural assets going for it than other places. And the recognition of its historical places getting better. The recent dedication of the Adams Morgan historic trail and the renovated neighborhood fire call boxes are all good examples. But there is so much more that can be done. So much has been lost.
^^^ agreed. Not bad, but let's try to do more.
It's interesting that you bring this up, as I was just thinking about this yesterday. Façadism (as it is was derisively called when the idea took off in the 1960s) is something that is almost fully unique to Washington. Adaptive reuse, of course, exists everywhere, but the idea of leaving the façade and taking the rest of the building is something that I have only seen here.
The alternate is completely unappealing, which is why I was thinking about this.
There has been a change in commercial lending since the early 20th century, where a project need have only been a couple plots across to have been built. Today's marketplace and lending require full block-sized project be built. This does a number on streetscape and the scale.
Yesterday I had walked down from Petworth to the Mall, and started to wonder why I don't come down here more often. I decided it was because the McMillan plan and 1980s-era downtown development have walled off the mall and Smithsonian from the rest of the city. Massive blocks of buildings in the Federal Triangle and the blocks downtown have messed with the human street scale, creating imposing, fortress-like blocks that are not conducive to pedestrian traffic. This is changing, in the areas around the east end, which has been heavily influenced by façadism recently, the block retain there irregular scale and individual lots. (Even though, massive block-long structures exist behind them.) This creates a pedestrian-oriented experience where blocks are broken up by different façades and the scale is back down to the lot level. The whole pedestrian experience is approachable. This is in contrast to blocks like TechWorld where a continuous sameness creates an impregnable scale.
So, for all of its oddness and falsity, façadism does help to create city blocks that are pedestrian friendly and in a city where we have restricted the ability to grow up (and have to grow out -- to fill the block) this is a unique solution to preventing dead blocks.
Facadism is a tough question. Yes, it's a strange way of dressing up a new building in an old fashioned costume. But considering some of the awful newer buildings in the city (just drive down K Street) it might be better than a new facade. The author is absolutely right, but I don't trust DC's architects and builders to come up with something better.
Two issues are related to this one. First, why doesn't Washington get better architecture? Second, what impact does the hight limit have on development?
As for question one, it's sad that DC doesn't have as much great architecture as Chicago, which is just a wonderful city. No doubt part of the problem in DC is the existence of multiple committees from which new buildings must get approval. But that's not the entire problem. I wish the city's architecture community and politicians would get together and figure out a way to get great architecture that befits the capital of a great nation. Instead we get the K Street corridor.
The height limit has a massive effect on the type of new buildings that are built. It's much more profitable to build a 12-14 story building (that's the height limit) on a large footprint than a small one. This results in the destruction of many smaller buildings, like the Grass' house. It also creates a city of small, squat structures that are often ugly. Finally, it limits the city's ability to tax property and spur economic development.
Nice piece, Grass. I hope you can save the interior your grandfather carved--and inspire others to preserve historical buildings.
Saving old building is like, to use a Washington analogy, like writing an appropriations bill: no one is happy at the end of the day.
Saving the facade only seems a hollow gesture. If you throw in the rescue of the lobby, say, you have to ask where do u draw the line. To save the entire structure while adding central air conditioning, high-speed internet means spending big bucks and ripping out lots and lots of stuff anyways.
In the end, I am glad the facades are saved. But I wish more detail is perserved as well. Maybe DC developers are less inclined to save the structures because they have so much less room to work with given the height limits, which a whole other argument.
I come back to me original point, it hard to make any one happy with regard to preservation.
Great piece, Mike. However, to modify the impression given by DC1974, "façadisme" is also common in Paris, a city that has a lot of other things in common with Washington. I wrote about the trend in Paris and Washington at Ionarts last year, if anyone is interested.